Published on in Vol 6 (2025)

1 Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan
2 Faculty of Business, Law and Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
3 Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
4 Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan
5 Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
6 Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
7 Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
*these authors contributed equally