JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology

As an important medical device to ensure the smooth breathing and life-saving of critically ill patients, the tracheal tube causes damage to the oral mucosa of patients during use, which not only increases the pain of patients but also increases the risk of infection.

Patient-derived cancer models (PDCMs) have become essential tools in cancer research and preclinical studies. Consequently, the number of publications on PDCMs has increased significantly over the past decade. Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), offer promising solutions for extracting knowledge from scientific literature at scale.

Biobank privacy policies strip patient identifiers from donated specimens, undermining transparency, utility, and value for patients, scientists, and society. We are advancing decentralized biobanking apps that reconnect patients with biospecimens and facilitate engagement through a privacy-preserving nonfungible token (NFT) digital twin framework. The decentralized biobanking platform was first piloted for breast cancer biobank members.

The number of survivors of cancer is growing, and they often experience negative long-term behavioral outcomes due to cancer treatments. There is a need for better computational methods to handle and predict these outcomes so that physicians and health care providers can implement preventive treatments.

Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is an unsupervised data science methodology that aims to identify and represent associations between categorical variables. Gliomas are an aggressive type of cancer characterized by diverse molecular and clinical features that serve as key prognostic factors. Thus, advanced computational approaches are essential to enhance analysis and interpretation of the associations between clinical and molecular features in gliomas.

Health care students often experience high levels of stress, anxiety, and mental health issues, making it crucial to address these challenges. Variations in stress levels may be associated with changes in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and gene expression. Meditative practices have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing stress and improving mental well-being.

Environmentally sensitive pathogens exhibit ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change that result in the emergence and global expansion of well-adapted variants. It is imperative to understand the mechanisms that facilitate pathogen emergence and expansion, as well as the drivers behind the mechanisms, to understand and prepare for future pandemic expansions.

An increasing body of literature highlights the integration of machine learning with genomic data in psychiatry, particularly for complex mental health disorders such as schizophrenia. These advanced techniques offer promising potential for uncovering various facets of these disorders. A comprehensive review of the current applications of machine learning in conjunction with genomic data within this context can significantly enhance our understanding of the current state of research and its future directions.

The integration of chatbots in oncology underscores the pressing need for human-centered artificial intelligence (AI) that addresses patient and family concerns with empathy and precision. Human-centered AI emphasizes ethical principles, empathy, and user-centric approaches, ensuring technology aligns with human values and needs. This review critically examines the ethical implications of using large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3 and GPT-4 (OpenAI) in oncology chatbots. It examines how these models replicate human-like language patterns, impacting the design of ethical AI systems. The paper identifies key strategies for ethically developing oncology chatbots, focusing on potential biases arising from extensive datasets and neural networks. Specific datasets, such as those sourced from predominantly Western medical literature and patient interactions, may introduce biases by overrepresenting certain demographic groups. Moreover, the training methodologies of LLMs, including fine-tuning processes, can exacerbate these biases, leading to outputs that may disproportionately favor affluent or Western populations while neglecting marginalized communities. By providing examples of biased outputs in oncology chatbots, the review highlights the ethical challenges LLMs present and the need for mitigation strategies. The study emphasizes integrating human-centric values into AI to mitigate these biases, ultimately advocating for the development of oncology chatbots that are aligned with ethical principles and capable of serving diverse patient populations equitably.

Despite growing interest in the clinical translation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs), it remains uncertain to what extent genomic information can enhance the prediction of psychiatric outcomes beyond the data collected during clinical visits alone.

Chromosomal abnormalities are genetic disorders caused by chromosome errors, leading to developmental delays, birth defects, and miscarriages. Currently, invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling are mostly used, which carry a risk of miscarriage. This has led to the need for a noninvasive and innovative approach to detect and prevent chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy.

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 imposed a huge challenge on disease control. Immune evasion caused by genetic variations of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein’s immunogenic epitopes affects the efficiency of monoclonal antibody–based therapy of COVID-19. Therefore, a rapid method is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the available monoclonal antibodies against the new emerging variants or potential novel variants.