Structural and Functional Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations: Insights From Predictive Modeling and Analytics

Edem K Netsey   ^{1 *} , MPhil ;   Samuel M Naandam   ² , PhD ;   Joseph Asante Jnr   ³ , PhD ;   Kuukua E Abraham   ⁴ , MS ;   Aayire C Yadem   ⁵ , PhD ;   Gabriel Owusu   ⁶ , PhD ;   Jeffrey G Shaffer   ⁷ , PhD ;   Sudesh K Srivastav   ⁷ , PhD ;   Seydou Doumbia   ⁸ , PhD ;   Ellis Owusu-Dabo   ⁹ , PhD ;   Chris E Morkle   ¹⁰ , MEd ;   Desmond Yemeh   ¹¹ , PharmD ;   Stephen Manortey   ¹² , PhD ;   Ernest Yankson   ² , PhD ;   Mamadou Sangare   ¹³ , PhD ;   Samuel Kakraba   ^{7, 11 *} , PhD

¹ Department of Mathematics and Information Communication Technology, School of Physical Sciences, Dambai College of Education, Dambai, Ghana

² Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

³ Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States

⁴ Department of Mathematics, Memphis Shelby County Schools, Memphis, TN, United States

⁵ Research and Development, CytoAstra LLC, Little Rock, AR, United States

⁶ Office of Research, Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine at Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States

⁷ Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine at Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States

⁸ Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

⁹ School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

¹⁰ Department of Mathematics, Suhum Senior High School, Suhum, Ghana

¹¹ Interdisciplinary Aging Studies, Tulane Center for Aging, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States

¹² Department of Community Health, Ensign Global University, Kpong, Ghana

¹³ Department of National Institute of Allergy and Infection Diseases (NIAID), 14 Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Rockville, MD, United States

*these authors contributed equally